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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 54: e08552021, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288089

ABSTRACT

Abstract The persistence of serum-specific anti-chikungunya IgM antibodies (CHIKV-IgM) can vary after chikungunya fever (CHIK) infection. However, the factors related to its production are not yet known. We described a case series drawn up from data collected from 57 patients between 12 and 36 months after the acute phase of CHIK infection in Northeastern Brazil. CHIKV-IgM was detectable in 7/57 (12.3%) patients after 28.3 months of infection. No frequency differences in chronic musculoskeletal manifestations and underlying conditions were detected between patients with or without CHIKV-IgM. CHIKV-IgM was detected for up to 35 months in Brazilian patients after CHIK infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chikungunya virus , Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Brazil , Immunoglobulin M , Antibodies, Viral
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 19(1): 43-46, Jan-Feb/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741231

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pertussis in adolescents and adults with cough lasting more than 14 days and less than 30 days. Methods: This is a prospective observational study in interepidemic period of pertusis. Ten public health outpatient clinics in the city of Recife, Brazil, were randomly selected for the study. The study population consisted of individuals aged 10 years and over with cough that had lasted between 14 and 30 days. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for culture and PCR in order to identify Bordetella pertussis. We adopted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US (CDC) definition of cases of pertussis. Results: A total of 192 individuals were identified as suspected cases. Their mean age was 40.7 years. Pertussis was confirmed in 10 of the 192 suspected cases, with an estimated prevalence of 5.21% (95% confidence interval 2.03-8.38). All cases met the clinical case definition for pertussis; one suspect had both culture and PCR positive. PCR confirmed 100% of the cases, 7/10 by PCR and 3/10 by epidemiological linkage with a case confirmed by PCR. Conclusion: During an interepidemic period, 1 in 20 cases of prolonged cough had pertussis, suggesting this is an important cause of prolonged cough in adolescents and adults. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Bordetella pertussis , DNA, Bacterial/blood , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Brazil , Bordetella pertussis/genetics , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Whooping Cough/diagnosis
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(7): 912-917, 11/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728806

ABSTRACT

After the World Health Organization officially declared the end of the first pandemic of the XXI century in August 2010, the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has been disseminated in the human population. In spite of its sustained circulation, very little on phylogenetic data or oseltamivir (OST) resistance is available for the virus in equatorial regions of South America. In order to shed more light on this topic, we analysed the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 positive samples collected during the pandemic period in the Pernambuco (PE), a northeastern Brazilian state. Complete HA sequences were compared and amino acid changes were related to clinical outcome. In addition, the H275Y substitution in NA, associated with OST resistance, was investigated by pyrosequencing. Samples from PE were grouped in phylogenetic clades 6 and 7, being clustered together with sequences from South and Southeast Brazil. The D222N/G HA gene mutation, associated with severity, was found in one deceased patient that was pregnant. Additionally, the HA mutation K308E, which appeared in Brazil in 2010 and was only detected worldwide the following year, was identified in samples from hospitalised cases. The resistance marker H275Y was not identified in samples tested. However, broader studies are needed to establish the real frequency of resistance in this Brazilian region.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Hemagglutinins/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Neuraminidase/genetics , Pandemics , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Biomarkers/analysis , Brazil/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Viral/physiology , Gene Frequency/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity , Influenza, Human/virology , Mutation/genetics , Oseltamivir/therapeutic use , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral/analysis , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods , Virulence , Virulence Factors/genetics
4.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(3): 478-480, May-Jun/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-711600

ABSTRACT

A case of abscess resulting from Mycobacterium kansasii, in the left thigh of a 53-year-old woman infected with the Human Immunodeficiency virus, is reported. Curiously, there was no pulmonary or systemic involvement as is usual with these Mycobacterium infections. The patient had CD4 T lymphocyte count of 257 cells/µL and a viral load of 60,154 copies. Despite presenting a relatively preserved immunity, the patient also presented Criptococcic meningoencephalitis and Esophageal candidiasis. The patient responded satisfactorily to treatment for infections and after 51 days was discharged.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , Abscess/microbiology , Mycobacterium kansasii , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/complications , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Abscess/diagnosis , Abscess/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy , Thigh , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(2): 139-142, Mar-Apr/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703738

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) for the sputum smear diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in patients living with HIV/AIDS with a clinical suspicion of PTB. Method: This is a prospective study to assess the accuracy of a diagnostic test, conducted on 140 sputum specimens from 140 patients living with HIV/AIDS with a clinical suspicion of PTB, attended at two referral hospitals for people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A Löwenstein-Jensen medium culture and 7H9 broth were used as gold standard. Results: Of the 140 sputum samples, 47 (33.6%) were positive with the gold standard. q-PCR was positive in 42 (30%) of the 140 patients. Only one (0.71%) did not correspond to the culture. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the q-PCR were 87.2%, 98.9% and 95% respectively. In 39 (93%) of the 42 q-PCR positive cases, the CT (threshold cycle) was equal to or less than 37. Conclusion: q-PCR performed on sputum smears from patients living with HIV/AIDS demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, and may therefore be recommended as a method for diagnosing PTB.


Objetivo: Evaluar la Reacción en Cadena de Polimerasa en tiempo real cuantitativa (qPCR) para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar (TBP) en esputo de pacientes con sida y sospecha clínica de TBP. Método: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo para evaluación de precisión de prueba diagnóstica, realizado en 140 muestras de esputo provenientes de 140 pacientes con sida y sospecha clínica de TBP atendidos en dos hospitales de referencia para atención VIH/sida en Recife-PE, Brasil. Se utilizó el cultivo en medios Löwenstein-Jensen y 7H9 como estándar de oro. Resultados: De las 140 muestras de esputo, 47 (33,6%) fueron positivas por el estándar de oro. La qPCR fue positiva en 42 (30%) de los pacientes. En apenas un (0.71%) caso no correspondió con el cultivo. La sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión de la qPCR fueron 87,2%, 98,9% y 95% respectivamente. De las 42 qPCR positivas en 39 (93%) el CT (threshold cycle) fue igual o inferior a 37. Conclusión: La qPCR realizada en muestra de esputo de pacientes con sida demostró sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión satisfactoria, pudiendo ser recomendada como método de diagnóstico de TBP.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
6.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 35(1): 39-43, 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670458

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia during induction therapy in adult patients with acute leukemia and its effect on complicated infections and mortality during the first 30 days of treatment. METHODS: An analysis was performed in a retrospective cohort of 280 adult patients aged 18 to 60 years with previously untreated acute leukemia who received induction chemotherapy from January 2000 to December 2009 at the Hemocentro de Pernambuco (HEMOPE), Brazil. Hyperglycemia was defined as the finding of at least one fasting glucose measurement > 100 mg/dL observed one week prior to induction therapy until 30 days after. The association between hyperglycemia and complicated infections, mortality and complete remission was evaluated using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in the R software package version 2.9.0. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-eight patients (67.1%) presented hyperglycemia at some moment during induction therapy. Eighty-two patients (29.3%) developed complicated infections. Infection-related mortality during the neutropenia period was 20.7% (58 patients). Mortality from other causes during the first 30 days after induction was 2.8%. Hyperglycemia increased the risk of complicated infections (OR 3.97; 95% confidence interval: 2.08 - 7.57; p-value < 0.001) and death (OR 3.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.77-7.12; p-value < 0.001) but did not increase the risk of fungal infections or decrease the probability of achieving complete remission. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates an association between the presence of hyperglycemia and the development of complicated infections and death in adult patients during induction therapy for acute leukemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Leukemia , Mortality , Fever , Hyperglycemia , Infections , Neutropenia
7.
An. bras. dermatol ; 87(6): 857-861, Nov.-Dec. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656609

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus has a notable ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics, and methicillin resistance represents a growing public health problem. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has also become important outside the hospital environment, particularly in the United States. In Brazil, since 2005, cases of community skin infections caused by MRSA have been reported, but resistance studies involving outpatients are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To know the resistance profile of S. aureus involved in skin and soft tissue infections of patients seen at the Dermatology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Recife, Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Prospective study involving 30 patients with skin and soft tissue infections, seen at the Dermatology outpatient clinic from May until November 2011. To evaluate the susceptibility of S. aureus to antibiotics, the disk diffusion method and oxacillin screening agar were used. RESULTS: From a total of 30 samples of skin lesions, 19 (63%) had positive culture for S. aureus. The following resistance patterns of S. aureus were observed: penicillin, 95%; tetracycline, 32%; erythromycin, 21%; gentamicin, 16%; cefoxitin, 11%; oxacillin, 11%; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 11%; chloramphenicol, 11%; clindamycin, 5% ; and ciprofloxacin, 0%. One of the identified MRSA was obtained from a patient without risk factors for its acquisition, and was resistant, beyond to the beta-lactams, only to tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS: With regard to the resistance patterns of S. aureus, resistances to tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin were the highest. It was documented, for the first time in Pernambuco, a case of skin infection caused by community-associated MRSA.


FUNDAMENTOS: O Staphylococcus aureus possui uma notável habilidade de adquirir resistência antimicrobiana, sendo a resistência à meticilina um problema de saúde pública crescente. O S. aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) vem se tornando importante também fora do ambiente hospitalar, particularmente nos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, desde 2005, têm sido relatados casos de infecções cutâneas comunitárias causadas por MRSA, porém estudos de resistência envolvendo pacientes ambulatoriais são escassos. OBJETIVO: Conhecer o perfil de resistência de S. aureus envolvidos em infecções de pele e partes moles de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de Dermatologia de um hospital universitário de Recife, Pernambuco. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo envolvendo 30 pacientes com infecções de pele e tecidos moles atendidos no ambulatório de Dermatologia de maio a novembro de 2011. Para avaliação da suscetibilidade dos S. aureus aos antibióticos foram utilizados teste de disco-difusão e placa de screening de oxacilina. RESULTADOS: Das 30 amostras analisadas, 19 (63%) tiveram cultura positiva para S. aureus. Os seguintes padrões de resistência dos S. aureus foram observados: penicilina, 95%; tetraciclina, 32%; eritromicina, 21%; gentamicina, 16%; cefoxitina, 11%; oxacilina, 11%; sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima, 11%; clorafenicol, 11%; clindamicina, 5%; e ciprofloxacina, 0%. Um dos MRSA identificados foi obtido de paciente sem fatores de risco para sua aquisição, e além de aos betalactâmicos, mostrou-se resistente apenas à tetraciclina. CONCLUSÕES: Em relação aos padrões de resistência dos S. aureus, destacaram-se as resistências à tetraciclina, eritromicina e gentamicina. Documentou-se, pela primeira vez em Pernambuco, um caso de infecção cutânea causada por MRSA associado à comunidade.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Brazil , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , beta-Lactams/therapeutic use
8.
J. bras. pneumol ; 38(6): 740-747, nov.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660564

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a resistência primária e adquirida à pirazinamida em cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis provenientes de amostras de escarro de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e descritivo realizado no período entre abril e novembro de 2011 em um hospital de referência para o tratamento de tuberculose em Recife (PE). Culturas, testes de sensibilidade a fármacos e testes da pirazinamidase foram realizados em um laboratório particular na mesma cidade. RESULTADOS: Dos 71 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 37 eram virgens de tratamento e 34 eram casos de retratamento. Desses, 0 (0,0%) e 14 (41,2%), respectivamente, apresentaram cepas resistentes à pirazinamida. Desses 14 isolados, 10 (90,9%) apresentaram resultados negativos no teste da pirazinamidase. Dos 60 isolados que apresentaram resultados positivos para o teste da pirazinamidase, 56 (93,3%) eram sensíveis à pirazinamida. CONCLUSÕES: A elevada frequência de cepas resistentes à pirazinamida em pacientes em retratamento da tuberculose destaca a necessidade da realização de testes de sensibilidade à pirazinamida antes de se escolher um novo esquema de tratamento.


OBJECTIVE: To determine primary and acquired resistance to pyrazinamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in sputum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: This was a prospective, descriptive study conducted between April and November of 2011 at a referral hospital for tuberculosis in the city of Recife, Brazil. Cultures, drug sensitivity tests, and tests of pyrazinamidase activity were conducted in a private laboratory in Recife. RESULTS: Of the 71 patients included in the study, 37 were treatment-naïve and 34 represented cases of retreatment. Pyrazinamide-resistant strains were isolated in 14 (41.2%) of the 34 patients who had previously been treated for tuberculosis and in none of the 37 treatment-naïve patients. Of the 14 isolates, 10 (90.9%) tested negative for pyrazinamidase activity. A total of 60 isolates tested positive for pyrazinamidase activity. Of those, 56 (93.3%) were found to be sensitive to pyrazinamide. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of pyrazinamide-resistant strains (41.2%) in patients previously treated for tuberculosis highlights the need for drug susceptibility testing prior to the adoption of a new treatment regimen.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Pyrazinamide/therapeutic use , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Amidohydrolases/metabolism , Brazil , Enzyme Assays , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzymology , Prospective Studies , Retreatment
10.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 54(1): 43-47, Jan.-Feb. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614895

ABSTRACT

HIV/AIDS-associated visceral leishmaniasis may display the characteristics of an aggressive disease or without specific symptoms at all, thus making diagnosis difficult. The present study describes the results of diagnostic tests applied to a series of suspected VL cases in HIV-infected/AIDS patients admitted in referral hospitals in Pernambuco, Brazil. From a total of 14 eligible patients with cytopenias and/or fever of an unknown etiology, and indication of bone marrow aspirate, 10 patients were selected for inclusion in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by the following examinations: Leishmania detection in bone marrow aspirate, direct agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescence, rK39 dipstick test, polymerase chain reaction and latex agglutination test. Five out of the ten patients were diagnosed with co-infection. A positive direct agglutination test was recorded for all five co-infected patients, the Leishmania detection and latex agglutination tests were positive in four patients, the rK39 dipstick test in three, the indirect immunofluorescence in two and a positive polymerase chain reaction was recorded for one patient. This series of cases was the first to be conducted in Brazil using this set of tests in order to detect co-infection. However, no consensus has thus far been reached regarding the most appropriate examination for the screening and monitoring of this group of patients.


A associação da leishmaniose visceral com o HIV/AIDS pode se manifestar com características de doença agressiva ou sem sintomas específicos, dificultando o diagnóstico. Este artigo descreve o resultado de testes diagnósticos aplicados a uma série de casos suspeitos de leishmaniose visceral em pacientes com HIV/AIDS internados em hospitais de referência de Pernambuco, Brasil. De 14 pacientes elegíveis com citopenias e/ou febre de etiologia indefinida, com indicações de mielograma, foram incluídos dez. Para o diagnóstico, foram empregados os seguintes exames: pesquisa de Leishmania em aspirado de medula óssea, DAT, IFI, rK39, PCR e a KAtex. Cinco dos dez pacientes foram diagnosticados com co-infecção. Entre os cinco co-infectados, o DAT foi positivo em todos, a pesquisa de Leishmania foi positiva em quatro, assim como o KAtex, o rK39 em três, a IFI em dois e a PCR positiva em apenas um. Esta série de casos foi a primeira realizada no Brasil utilizando esse conjunto de exames para detecção de co-infecção, no entanto, ainda não há consenso quanto aos exames mais adequados a serem aplicados para screening e acompanhamento desse grupo de pacientes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Coinfection/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Serologic Tests/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity
11.
An. bras. dermatol ; 86(4): 813-814, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600634

ABSTRACT

A hipomelanose macular progressiva é uma dermatose de etiopatogenia pouco conhecida. A participação do Propionibacterium acnes e a resposta ao tratamento com medicamentos com atividade para essa bactéria têm sido sugeridas. Relata-se uma série de casos de 13 pacientes com hipomelanose macular progressiva tratados com limeciclina e peróxido de benzoíla durante três meses, que apresentaram excelente resposta ao tratamento e nele se mantêm durante o período de seguimento do estudo.


Progressive macular hypomelanosis is a dermatosis of uncertain etiology. The participation of Propionibacterium acnes has been suggested in view of the response achieved following therapy with drugs that are active against this bacterium. This report describes a series of thirteen patients with progressive macular hypomelanosis who were treated with an association of lymecycline and benzoyl peroxide over a three-month period. Response to treatment was excellent and the positive results were maintained during the entire follow up period.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Benzoyl Peroxide/administration & dosage , Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypopigmentation/drug therapy , Lymecycline/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
12.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 42(2): 423-429, Apr.-June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-589984

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the etiology of progressive macular hypomelanosis, although it has been suggested that Propionibacterium acnes plays an important role. While microbiological culture is commonly employed to identify Propionibacterium acnes, new identification methods have been under investigation, amongst them polymerase chain reaction. To determine the cut-off point for the number of genome copies of Propionibacterium acnes in the lesional skin of patients with progressive macular hypomelanosis as a positive marker, employing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and anaerobic culture, considered gold standard. An observational study with a comparison group, included 35 patients with dermatosis, attended at the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Pernambuco, Brazil, between March and May 2008. Lesional skin was compared to non-lesional skin through positive testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction and culture. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 12.0, was employed for the association analysis with the McNemar test, and the cut-off point with the ROC curve for maximum values. Propionibacterium acnes was most frequently encountered in lesional areas (p<0,025). The cut-off point of Propionibacterium acnes in lesional skin was 1,333 genome copies, with a sensitivity of 87,9 percent and a specificity of 100,0 percent. Since Propionibacterium acnes is a saprophyte, identifying the cut-off point may assist in determining its positivity in lesional skin in patients suffering with this dermatosis.

13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(1): 85-90, Jan.-Feb. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-579838

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O lupus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica que acomete múltiplos órgãos ou sistemas, não apresenta manifestação clínica patognomônica ou teste laboratorial sensível e específico o suficiente para um diagnóstico específico. Para o diagnóstico, são utilizados os critérios propostos pelo Colégio Americano de Reumatologia (ACR), modificados em 1997. A presença de quatro ou mais critérios tem sensibilidade e especificidade de 96 por cento. Porém, esses critérios para o LES podem ter especificidade mais baixa em regiões endêmicas para doenças infecciosas crônicas, como o Brasil, endêmico para hanseníase, que pode apresentar manifestações clínico-laboratoriais semelhantes. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de prevalência, onde foram aplicados os critérios de LES, nos pacientes com diagnóstico recente de hanseníase multibacilar, que deram entrada no ambulatório de hanseníase da Clínica Dermatológica da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) durante o período da coleta de dados, além de calculada a especificidade e o número de falso-positivos nesse grupo. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 100 pacientes. As prevalências de alguns dos critérios de LES foram elevadas. Os critérios com maior prevalência foram o eritema malar (44 por cento), a artrite (23 por cento), a fotossensibilidade (29 por cento), a linfopenia (19 por cento) e a presença dos anticorpos antifosfolípides, incluídos no critério imunológico (20 por cento). A especificidade encontrada (84 por cento) foi menor do que a atribuída aos critérios em 1997 pelo ACR. CONCLUSÕES: Doenças presentes em nosso meio, como a hanseníase nas formas multibacilares, mimetizam o quadro clínico-laboratorial do LES, o que deve deixar o médico atento à realidade das doenças infecciosas locais antes de afirmar um diagnóstico definitivo de LES.


INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs or systems. There is no pathognomonic clinical or laboratory test sensitive and specific enough for a specific diagnosis. The criteria proposed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), as modified in 1997, are used for the diagnosis. The presence of four or more criteria presents sensitivity and specificity of 96 percent. However, these diagnostic criteria for SLE may have lower specificity in areas that are endemic for chronic infectious diseases, such as Brazil (endemic for leprosy), which may have similar clinical and laboratory manifestations. METHODS: A prevalence study was conducted, applying the SLE criteria to patients with recently diagnosed multibacillary leprosy who were registered at the leprosy outpatient clinic, Department of Dermatology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), during the data gathering period. The specificity and the number of false positives in this group were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred patients were included. The prevalences of some of the SLE criteria were high. The criteria with the highest prevalence were malar erythema (44 percent), arthritis (23 percent), photosensitivity (29 percent), lymphopenia (19 percent) and presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, including immunological criteria (20 percent). The specificity found (84 percent) was lower than the specificity allocated to the criteria in 1997 by the ACR. CONCLUSIONS: Diseases in our setting, such as leprosy in multibacillary forms, mimic the clinical and laboratory characteristics of SLE, and thus physicians need to be aware of the realities of local infectious diseases before affirming a definitive diagnosis of SLE.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Leprosy, Multibacillary/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , False Positive Reactions , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity
14.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(3): 281-286, May-June 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-548524

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Para investigar susceptibilidade às reações hansênicas, três polimorfismos do gene natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1), foram determinados em 201 indivíduos, atendidos em dois centros de referência no Recife, entre 2007 e 2008, sendo 100 paucibacilares e 101 multibacilares. MÉTODOS: A determinação dos polimorfismos 274C/T, D543N e 1729+55del4 do gene NRAMP1 foi realizada utilizando a técnica do polimorfismo de fragmento de restrição em DNA extraído de sangue periférico e as estimativas das freqüências alélicas e genotípicas foram feitas por contagem direta. RESULTADOS: Os genótipos predominantes foram: CC (51,8 por cento) para 274C/T, GG (86,6 por cento) para D543N e +-TGTG (59,9 por cento) para 1729+55del4. O genótipo mutante 274 TT predominou na negatividade da reação reversa (p=0,03) e na positividade do eritema nodoso (p=0,04). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados sugerem que o polimorfismo 274 C/T do gene NRAMP1 pode auxiliar na determinação da susceptibilidade à reação tipo II em indivíduos com hanseníase.


INTRODUCTION: To investigate susceptibility to leprosy reactions, three polymorphisms of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1) gene were determined in 201 individuals who were attended at two reference centers in Recife, between 2007 and 2008. Of these, 100 were paucibacillary and 101 were multibacillary. METHODS: The 274C/T, D543N and 1729+55del4 polymorphisms of the NRAMP1 gene were determined using the technique of restriction fragment polymorphism on DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were estimated by direct counting. RESULTS: The predominant genotypes were: CC (51.8 percent) for 274C/T; GG (86.6 percent) for D543N; and +-TGTG (59.9 percent) for 1729+55del4. The mutant genotype 274 TT predominated in negativity of the reverse reaction (p = 0.03) and in positivity of erythema nodosum leprosum (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that 274 C/T polymorphism of the NRAMP1 gene may aid in determining the susceptibility to type II reactions among leprosy patients.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cation Transport Proteins/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Leprosy, Multibacillary/genetics , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Brazil , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Young Adult
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 73(2): 150-154, Mar.-Apr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-548145

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A neurotoxoplasmose é a alteração do sistema nervoso central mais frequente observada em pacientes com AIDS. A ocorrência de toxoplasmose ocular em neurotoxoplasmose ainda é pouco estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi de investigar a ocorrência de retinocoroidite toxoplásmica, típica ou provável, em pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose. MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido estudo prospectivo, tipo série de casos incluindo 70 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 20 a 63 anos, internados nas enfermarias de três hospitais públicos da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, com tais diagnósticos firmados segundo os critérios do CDC (1992), no período de janeiro a outubro de 2008. Os pacientes caracterizavam-se por: primeiro episódio de neurotoxoplasmose (65; 92,9 por cento) ou recidiva (5; 7,1 por cento); desconhecimento de ter AIDS (23; 32,9 por cento), contagem média de linfócitos T CD4 de 139,8 ± 3,04 células/mm³ e carga viral média igual a 137.080 ± 39.380 cópias/mL. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico, consistindo de: inspeção ocular; aferição da acuidade visual; investigação da função muscular extrínseca ocular e fundoscopia, empregando oftalmoscópio indireto binocular (modelo OHN 3.5 (Eyetec®) e lente externa de 20 dioptrias (Volk®). RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticados 4 (5,7 por cento) pacientes com lesões cicatriciais de retinocoroidite, características de toxoplasmose ocular, sendo típica em 3 (75 por cento) pacientes e bilateral em 1. Não houve qualquer caso de retinocoroidite ativa, típica ou provável. As lesões oculares ativas foram raras comparadas às lesões cicatriciais, as quais se associam à presença de cistos na retina. CONCLUSÃO: Recomenda-se que mesmo lesões cicatriciais sejam valorizadas em pacientes com AIDS.


PURPOSE: Neurotoxoplasmosis is the most common central nervous system disorder in patients with AIDS. The occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis in neurotoxoplasmosis is not well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of typical or probable toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in patients with AIDS and neurotoxoplasmosis. METHODS: A prospective case series was performed, including 70 patients of both genders, aged from 20 to 63 years, hospitalized in three public hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, with such diagnosis according to the CDC criteria (1992), from January to October, 2008. RESULTS: Patients were characterized by first neurotoxoplasmosis episode (65, 92.9 percent) or relapse (5, 7.1 percent), ignorance of AIDS diagnosis (23, 32.9 percent), mean CD4 T lymphocytes count of 139.8 ± 3.04 cells/mm³ and mean viral load of 137,080 ± 39,380 copies/mL. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination, consisting of ocular inspection, visual acuity measurement, investigation of ocular extrinsic muscle function and fundoscopy, using binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (model OHN 3.5 (Eyetec®) and 20 diopters external lens (Volk®). Four (5.7 percent) patients presented retinochoroiditis scar lesions, characteristic of ocular toxoplasmosis, typical in 3 (75 percent) of them and bilateral in one. There was no case of typical or probable active retinochoroiditis. Active ocular lesions were rare compared to scarring, which are associated with the presence of retinal cysts. CONCLUSION: Scarring lesions should be valued in patients with AIDS.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Chorioretinitis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Chorioretinitis/parasitology , Prospective Studies , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/complications , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/complications , Young Adult
16.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(1): 36-40, Jan.-Feb. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-540510

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Descrever os achados fundoscópicos em pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose em fase ativa. MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido estudo prospectivo tipo série de casos incluindo 70 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 20 a 63 anos, internados nas enfermarias de três hospitais públicos da Cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, com diagnósticos de AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose firmados segundo os critérios do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1992), no período de janeiro a outubro de 2008. Os pacientes se caracterizavam por: primeiro episódio de neurotoxoplasmose (65; 92,9 por cento) ou recidiva (5; 7,1 por cento); desconhecimento de ter AIDS (23; 32,9 por cento), contagem média de linfócitos T CD4 de 139,8 ± 3,04 células/mm3 e carga viral média igual a 137.080 ± 39.380 cópias/mL. Todos foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico, consistindo de: inspeção ocular; aferição da acuidade visual; investigação da função muscular extrínseca ocular e fundoscopia, empregando oftalmoscópio indireto binocular (modelo OHN 3.5 (Eyetec®) e lente externa de 20 dioptrias (Volk®). RESULTADOS: Os achados consistiram em: exsudatos algodonosos retinianos (8,6 por cento), constricção arteriolar difusa leve (8,6 por cento); lesões de retinocoroidite cicatricial, características de toxoplasmose ocular (5,7 por cento), atrofia do epitélio pigmentar retiniano (2,9 por cento), descolamento da retina (2,9 por cento), aumento de escavação papilar (1,4 por cento), degeneração periférica retiniana (1,4 por cento), macroaneurisma (1,4 por cento), papiledema bilateral (1,4 por cento), tração vítreo-retiniana (1,4 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose podem apresentar alterações fundoscópicas características da toxoplasmose ocular, na forma ativa ou cicatricial, relacionadas ao HIV ou, ainda, a outras doenças oportunistas ou sistêmicas, podendo ser de grande auxílio num tratamento integral do paciente por uma equipe multiprofissional.


INTRODUCTION: To describe fundoscopic findings among patients with AIDS and active-phase neurotoxoplasmosis. METHODS: A prospective study of case series type was developed, including 70 patients of both sexes and ages ranging from 20 to 63 years who were admitted to the wards of three public hospitals in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, from January to October 2008, with diagnoses of AIDS and neurotoxoplasmosis determined according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1992). The patients were characterized by a first episode of neurotoxoplasmosis (65; 92.9 percent) or recurrence (5; 7.1 percent), unawareness of having AIDS (23; 32.9 percent), mean T CD4+ count of 139.8 ± 3.04 lymphocytes/mm³ and mean viral load of 137,080 ± 39,380 copies/ml. All patients underwent ophthalmological examination consisting of ocular inspection, gauging of visual acuity, investigation of ocular extrinsic muscle function and fundoscopy using a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (model OHM 3.5 Eyetec®) and external lens of 20 diopters (Volk®). RESULTS: The findings consisted of retinal cotton-wool spot exudates (8.6 percent), slight diffuse arteriolar constriction (8.6 percent), retinochoroiditis scars characteristic of ocular toxoplasmosis (5.7 percent), atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (2.9 percent), retinal detachment (2.9 percent), increased papillary excavation (1.4 percent), retinal peripheral degeneration (1,4 percent), macroaneurysm (1.4 percent), bilateral papilledema (1.4 percent) and vitreous-retinal traction (1.4 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AIDS and neurotoxoplasmosis may present fundoscopic abnormalities characteristic of ocular toxoplasmosis, either in active or in scar form, related to HIV or even to other opportunist or systemic diseases, which can be of great aid for integral treatment of patients by a multiprofessional team.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Eye Diseases/etiology , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/complications , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Fundus Oculi , Ophthalmoscopy , Prospective Studies , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/etiology , Visual Acuity , Young Adult
17.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 66(supl.2): 11-16, abr. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-520100

ABSTRACT

A infecção do trato urinário (ITU) é uma síndrome clínica de alta incidência, predominantemente em mulheres, sendo tratada, muitas vezes, de forma empírica, isto é, sem uma confirmação microbiológica. Devido à carência de pesquisas sobre infecção urinária no Nordeste do Brasil, o presente estudo se propôs a identificar o perfil etiológico dessa infecção e a suscetibilidade dos microrganismos isolados diante dos antimicrobianos em mulheres maiores de 18 anos, aproveitando-se a demanda espontânea de um laboratório privado, situado na cidade de Recife - Pernambuco. O período da pesquisa foi o compreendido entre novembro de 2006 e maio de 2007. Analisou-se um total de 1.550 amostras de urina oriundas de pacientes com queixas urinárias que incluíam: disúria, polaciúria, dor em baixo ventre, através da cultura em meios de Ágar sangue e Teague. As 502 culturas positivas foram submetidas a uma bateria de testes bioquímicos para identificação bacteriana, através da inoculação das colônias em meios de tríplice açúcar ferro (TSI), lisina, indol e ornitina. Empregou-se ainda o método da difusão em Ágar para avaliar-se o perfil de sensibilidade dos patógenos aos antimicrobianos. As bactérias mais frequentemente isoladas foram: Escherichia coli (61,16%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12,75%) e Proteus mirabilis (7,37%). Curiosamente, o Staphylococcus saprophyticus foi o quinto isolado em ordem de frequência (2,79%). Verificou-se uma resistência importante dos três microrganismos frequentemente isolados a sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima (SMZ-TMP) (em, respectivamente, 46,58%, 29,69% e 18,92% dos casos), o que desaconselha o seu uso como droga de primeira escolha para tratamento de ITU. O perfil de resistência bacteriana às duas quinolonas testadas, ciprofloxacina e norfloxacina, foi semelhante nas uroculturas estudadas, tendo a E. coli demonstrado uma resistência significativa a esses dois antimicrobianos (20,85%).Ademais, a resistência aos antimicrobianos beta-lactâmicos...


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Urologic Diseases/epidemiology , Urologic Diseases/microbiology , Urologic Diseases/therapy , Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Bacterial Infections/metabolism , Bacterial Infections/pathology , Culture Media , Women's Health
18.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(4): 338-344, jul.-ago. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-494486

ABSTRACT

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a freqüência de sarampo, rubéola, dengue e eritema infeccioso entre casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola, no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram testadas 1.161 amostras de soro coletadas no período de 2001 a 2004, para as quatro viroses, utilizando-se ensaios imunoenzimáticos para detecção de anticorpos IgM. Desse total, 276 (23,8 por cento) amostras foram positivas para uma das quatro viroses analisadas. Foram detectados 196 (16,9 por cento) casos positivos para dengue, 38 (3,3 por cento) para eritema infeccioso (parvovírus B19), 32 (2,8 por cento) para rubéola e 10 (0,9 por cento) para sarampo. Entre os casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola, a infecção pelo vírus dengue foi a mais freqüente, seguida pelo parvovírus B19. A semelhança de manifestações clínicas entre as doenças exantemáticas contribui para dificultar o diagnóstico de sarampo, rubéola, dengue e eritema infeccioso, quando observados apenas os critérios clínicos. Deve-se salientar que os quatro testes utilizados foram insuficientes para diagnosticar 76,2 por cento das doenças febris exantemáticas notificadas. Este é o primeiro estudo que evidencia a circulação de parvovírus B19 humano em Pernambuco.


This study had the aim of investigating the frequency of measles, rubella, dengue and erythema infectiosum among suspected cases of measles and/or rubella in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 1,161 serum samples collected between 2001 and 2004 were tested for these four viral diseases, using enzyme immunoassays to detect IgM antibodies. Out of this total, 276 (23.8 percent) samples were positive for one of the four viral diseases analyzed. There were 196 positive cases (16.9 percent) for dengue, 38 (3.3 percent) for erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19), 32 (2.8 percent) for rubella and 10 (0.9 percent) for measles. Among the suspected cases of measles and rubella, dengue infection was the most frequent, followed by parvovirus B19. The similarity of the clinical manifestations among rash diseases contributes towards making it difficult to diagnose measles, rubella, dengue and erythema infectiosum on clinical grounds alone. It must be emphasized that the four tests used were insufficient for diagnosing 76.2 percent of the febrile and rash diseases notified. This is the first study bringing evidence of human parvovirus B19 circulation in Pernambuco.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Dengue/epidemiology , Erythema Infectiosum/epidemiology , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Measles/epidemiology , Rubella/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dengue Virus/immunology , Dengue/diagnosis , Erythema Infectiosum/diagnosis , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Measles/diagnosis , Morbillivirus/immunology , /immunology , Rubella virus/immunology , Rubella/diagnosis , Seasons
19.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 8(3): 236-245, set. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-416013

ABSTRACT

O Teste de Atitudes Alimentares e o Teste de Investigação Bulímica de Edimburgo são questionários, em versão brasileira, utilizados para rastreamento dos transtornos alimentares anorexia e bulimia nervosa. Outros comportamentos podem estar relacionados: à presença de transtorno mental comum, autopercepção corporal inadequada, freqüência de leitura de revistas sobre dieta, freqüência do uso de dieta, influência dos pais, prática de atividade física, dentre outros. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar níveis de confiabilidade do Teste de Atitudes Alimentares, do Teste de Investigação Bulímica de Edimburgo, do General Health Questionnaire e de outras questões, partes do questionário que investigou aspectos de saúde e comportamento alimentar em universitárias recém-ingressas em uma universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro. Utilizou-se um desenho de estudo de confiabilidade teste-reteste, em amostra de 60 universitárias com média de idade de 20,2 anos. Para avaliação, calculou-se o Coeficiente Kappa (K). A confiabilidade dos escores globais do Teste de Atitudes Alimentares, Teste de Investigação Bulímica de Edimburgo e prática de atividade física foi "quase perfeita", assim como a questão autopercepção corporal, que foi, respectivamente K=0,81 (IC95 por cento 0,59-1,0); K=0,85 (IC95 por cento 0,70-0,99); K=0,83 (IC95 por cento 0,70-0,93) e Kw(ponderado)=0,84 (IC95 por cento 0,70-0,95). A confiabilidade da questão influência familiar, leitura de artigos sobre dieta, do General Health Questionnaire e freqüência de uso de dieta para emagrecer foi "substancial", respectivamente, K=0,76 (IC95 por cento 0,57-0,95); Kw=0,71 (IC95 por cento 0,52-0,91); K=0,70 (IC95 por cento 0,54-0,93) e Kw=0,92 (IC95 por cento 0,85-0,98). Os resultados sugerem que os questionários utilizados apresentaram boa reprodutibilidade das aferições para universitárias, assim como as demais questões.


Subject(s)
Feeding and Eating Disorders , Mental Disorders , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results
20.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 36(2): 123-125, Apr.-June 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-421714

ABSTRACT

De 24 linhagens hospitalares de Pseudomonas aeruginosa provenientes de Recife, Brasil, 15 (62 per center) produziram metalo-b-lactamase. Tais isolados foram resistentes às principais drogas antipseudomonas, exceto polimixina B e aztreonam. A enzima responsável pela resistência aos carbapanêmicos pertence à classe SPM-1 e o gene envolvido, blaspm-1, provavelmente é plasmidial.


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Female , beta-Galactosidase , Clinical Enzyme Tests , In Vitro Techniques , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Drug Resistance , Methods , Sampling Studies
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